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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has reported a substantial improvement in its Net Foreign Exchange Reserve (NFER) position as of the end of 2024, reflecting a substantial improvement in the country’s external liquidity, reduced short-term obligations, and renewed investor confidence, the reserve bank stated on Tuesday.

According to the CBN, NFER stood at $23.11 billion, the highest level in over three years, a marked increase from $3.99 billion at year-end 2023, $8.19 billion in 2022, and $14.59 billion in 2021. NFER, which adjusts gross reserves to account for near-term liabilities, such as FX swaps and forward contracts, is widely regarded as a more accurate indicator of the foreign exchange buffers available to meet immediate external obligations.

Gross external reserves also increased to $40.19 billion at the end of 2024, compared to $33.22 billion at the close of 2023.

“The increase in reserves reflects a combination of strategic measures undertaken by the CBN, including a deliberate and substantial reduction in short-term foreign exchange liabilities – notably swaps and forward obligations,” the apex bank said in a statement. “The strengthening was also spurred by policy actions to rebuild confidence in the FX market and increase reserve buffers, along with recent improved foreign exchange inflows – particularly from non-oil sources.”

The statement added that the result of these measures also include a stronger and more transparent reserves position that better equips Nigeria to withstand external shocks. The expansion occurred even as the CBN continues to reduce short-term liabilities, thereby improving the overall quality of the reserve position.

“This improvement in our net reserves is not accidental; it is the outcome of deliberate policy choices aimed at rebuilding confidence, reducing vulnerabilities, and laying the foundation for long-term stability,” said Olayemi Cardoso, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. “We remain focused on sustaining this progress through transparency, discipline, and market-driven reforms."

The CBN said its reserves have continued to strengthen in 2025. “While the first quarter figures reflected some seasonal and transitional adjustments, including significant interest payments on foreign-denominated debt, underlying fundamentals remain intact, and reserves are expected to continue improving over the second quarter of this year,” according to the central bank.

“Going forward, the CBN anticipates a steady uptick in reserves, underpinned by improved oil production levels, and a more supporting export growth environment expected to boost non-oil FX earnings and diversify external inflows.

“The CBN remains committed to prudent reserve management, transparent reporting, and macroeconomic policies that support a stable exchange rate, attract investment, and build long-term resilience,” the statement concluded.